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PloS One 2022Gastrointestinal disease (GI) is the most common illness in pre-weaned dairy calves. Studies have associated the fecal microbiome composition with health status, but it...
Gastrointestinal disease (GI) is the most common illness in pre-weaned dairy calves. Studies have associated the fecal microbiome composition with health status, but it remains unclear how the microbiome changes across different levels of GI disease and breeds. Our objective was to associate the clinical symptoms of GI disease with the fecal microbiome. Fecal samples were collected from calves (n = 167) of different breeds (Holstein, Jersey, Jersey-cross and beef-cross) from 4-21 d of age. Daily clinical evaluations assessed health status. Calves with loose or watery feces were diagnosed with diarrhea and classified as bright-sick (BS) or depressed-sick (DS) according to behavior. Calves with normal or semiformed feces and no clinical illness were classified as healthy (H). One hundred and three fecal samples were obtained from consistently healthy calves and 64 samples were from calves with diarrhea (n = 39 BS; n = 25 DS). The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and analyzed. Differences were identified by a linear-mixed effects model with a negative binomial error. DS and Jersey calves had a higher relative abundance of Streptococcus gallolyticus relative to H Holstein calves. In addition, DS calves had a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and an enrichment of Escherichia coli. Species of the genus Lactobacillus, such as an unclassified Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus salivarius were enriched in calves with GI disease. Moreover, we created a model to predict GI disease based on the fecal microbiome composition. The presence of Eggerthella lenta, Bifidobacterium longum, and Collinsella aerofaciens were associated with a healthy clinical outcome. Although lactobacilli are often associated with beneficial probiotic properties, the presence of E. coli and Lactobacillus species had the highest coefficients positively associated with GI disease prediction. Our results indicate that there are differences in the fecal microbiome of calves associated with GI disease severity and breed specificities.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Feces; Gastrointestinal Diseases
PubMed: 34982792
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262317 -
The Journal of General and Applied... 2011Researchers are becoming more interested in studying probiotics at present due to their benefit to human and animal health. In this study, newly isolated strains from...
Researchers are becoming more interested in studying probiotics at present due to their benefit to human and animal health. In this study, newly isolated strains from human feces were evaluated for probiotic properties. A total of sixty isolated strains were collected from feces and six out of sixty isolated strains could inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium. The strain which gave the best inhibitory effect was selected for further characterization as a probiotic strain. The identification of this strain was analyzed on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence. This strain was Gram-positive, rod shaped, and catalase and oxidase-negative, and produced acids from D-glucose, D-fructose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, inulin and starch. It could not hydrolyze esculin or red blood cells. Based on its 16S rDNA gene sequence, it was Lactobacillus salivarius, and so was called L. salivarius MTC 1026 in this study, and was closely related with L. salivarius DSPV 344T isolated from the calf gut. It was able to survive in gastric and small intestinal juices at pH 2.0 and 1.0% bile salt for several hours and also could grow at 45°C. Moreover, this strain showed inhibitory activity against a variety of food-borne pathogens. It was highly sensitive to piperacillin, chloramphenicl, ampicillin, erythromycin and ceftazidime. After plasmid curing, this strain was susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. L. salivarius MTC 1026 could significantly inhibit the adhesion process of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. typhimurium ATCC 13311 on Caco-2 monolayers in a competition assay and also reduced invasion of both pathogens (4-log cfu/ml) in an exclusion and displacement assay. Therefore, it was clearly demonstrated in this study that L. salivarius MTC 1026 has shown promising properties as a candidate for a potential probiotic for applications in humans and animals.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bile Acids and Salts; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Escherichia coli; Feces; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salmonella typhi; Salmonella typhimurium; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 22353742
DOI: 10.2323/jgam.57.365 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2016The aim of the present study was to determine whether (LS) and (LJ) prevent alcoholic liver damage in HepG2 cells and rat models of acute alcohol exposure. In this...
The aim of the present study was to determine whether (LS) and (LJ) prevent alcoholic liver damage in HepG2 cells and rat models of acute alcohol exposure. In this study, heat-killed LS and LJ were screened from 50 strains induced by 100 mM alcohol in HepG2 cells. The severity of alcoholic liver injury was determined by measuring the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), lipid peroxidation, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol. Our results indicated that heat-killed LS and LJ reduced AST, ALT, γ-GT and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and outperformed other bacterial strains in cell line studies. We further evaluated these findings by administering these strains to rats. Only LS was able to reduce serum AST levels, which it did by 26.2%. In addition LS significantly inhibited serum TG levels by 39.2%. However, both strains were unable to inhibit ALT levels. In summary, we demonstrated that heat-killed LS and LJ possess hepatoprotective properties induced by alcohol both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cholesterol; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatitis, Alcoholic; Humans; Lactobacillus johnsonii; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triglycerides; gamma-Glutamyltransferase
PubMed: 27809254
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111456 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Dental caries, an ecological dysbiosis of oral microflora, initiates from the virulent biofilms formed on tooth surfaces where cariogenic microorganisms metabolize...
Dental caries, an ecological dysbiosis of oral microflora, initiates from the virulent biofilms formed on tooth surfaces where cariogenic microorganisms metabolize dietary carbohydrates, producing acid that demineralizes tooth enamel. Forming cariogenic biofilms, and are well-recognized and emerging pathogens for dental caries. Recently, probiotics have demonstrated their potential in treating biofilm-related diseases, including caries. However, limited studies have assessed their effect on cariogenic bacteria-fungi cross-kingdom biofilm formation and their underlying interactions. Here, we assessed the effect of four probiotic ATCC 2836, ATCC 8014, ATCC 14917, and ATCC 11741) on and using a comprehensive multispecies biofilm model that mimicked high caries risk clinical conditions. Among the tested probiotic species, demonstrated superior inhibition on the growth of and , disruption of virulent biofilm formation with reduced bacteria and exopolysaccharide (EPS) components, and formation of virulent microcolonies structures. Transcriptome analysis (RNA sequencing) further revealed disruption of and cross-kingdom interactions with added . Genes of and involved in metabolic pathways (e.g., EPS formation, carbohydrate metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism) were significantly downregulated. More significantly, genes related to resistance to antifungal medication (ERG4), fungal cell wall chitin remodeling (CHT2), and resistance to oxidative stress (CAT1) were also significantly downregulated. In contrast, genes , , and that contribute to antimicrobial peptide plantaricin production were significantly upregulated. Our novel study findings support further assessment of the potential role of probiotic for cariogenic biofilm control.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Dental Caries; Lactobacillus plantarum; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 35392605
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.872012 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020In this present study, the bacteriostatic effect of Salistat SGL03 and the strain contained in it was investigated in adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on selected...
In this present study, the bacteriostatic effect of Salistat SGL03 and the strain contained in it was investigated in adults in in vivo and in vitro tests on selected red complex bacteria living in the subgingival plaque, inducing a disease called periodontitis, i.e., chronic periodontitis. Untreated periodontitis can lead to the destruction of the gums, root cementum, periodontium, and alveolar bone. Anaerobic bacteria, called periopathogens or periodontopathogens, play a key role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The most important periopathogens of the oral microbiota are: , , and others. Our hypothesis was verified by taking swabs of scrapings from the surface of the teeth of female hygienists (volunteers) on full and selective growth media for . The sizes of the zones of growth inhibition of periopathogens on the media were measured before (in vitro) and after consumption (in vivo) of Salistat SGL03, based on the disk diffusion method, which is one of the methods of testing antibiotic resistance and drug susceptibility of pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, each of the periopathogens analyzed by the reduction inoculation method, was treated with contained in the SGL03 preparation and incubated together in Petri dishes. The bacteriostatic activity of SGL03 preparation in selected periopathogens was also analyzed using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using the Salistat SGL03 dietary supplement in the prophylaxis and support of the treatment of periodontitis-already treated as a civilization disease.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biological Products; Female; Firmicutes; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Mouth; Periodontium; Young Adult
PubMed: 33023121
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194519 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024(basonym: , ) is a type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly found in the oropharyngeal-gastrointestinal tract (OGT). It has gained significant attention due to its... (Review)
Review
(basonym: , ) is a type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly found in the oropharyngeal-gastrointestinal tract (OGT). It has gained significant attention due to its probiotic and functional properties as well as its various health-promoting roles. strains exhibit strong resistance and adhesion in the OGT along with outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, numerous strains have the ability to produce bacteriocins with antagonistic activity. These probiotic characteristics of indicate its remarkable potential in promoting favorable effects on human health. It has also been observed that has a positive effect on the composition of intestinal microbiota, thereby improving the metabolic profiling of intestinal microbiota, promoting a healthy and balanced internal environment. In recent years, multi-omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have been employed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles and mechanisms of associated with its functional properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the probiotic characteristics of , containing its specific interactions with the host microflora, as well as insights from omics studies.
PubMed: 38540885
DOI: 10.3390/foods13060895 -
Journal of Animal Science and... 2020Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) K88 commonly colonize in the small intestine and keep releasing enterotoxins to impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger inflammatory...
BACKGROUND
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) K88 commonly colonize in the small intestine and keep releasing enterotoxins to impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger inflammatory reaction. Although () has been reported to enhance intestinal health, it remains to be seen whether there is a functional role of in intestinal inflammatory response in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) when stimulated with ETEC K88. In the present study, IPEC-J2 cells were first treated with followed by the stimulation of ETEC K88 for distinct time period. ETEC K88 adherent status, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mRNA, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, the release of pro-inflammation cytokines and cell integrity were examined.
RESULTS
Aside from an inhibited adhesion of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2 cells, was capable of remarkably attenuating the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-8, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3 and NLRP6. This alternation was accompanied by a significantly decreased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p65 NF-κB during ETEC K88 infection with pretreatment. Western blot analysis revealed that increased the expression levels of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin ( < 0.05) in ETEC K88-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Compared with ETEC K88-infected groups, the addition of as well as extra inhibitors for MAPKs and NF-κB to ETEC K88-infected IPEC-J2 cells had the capability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines.
CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our results suggest that might reduce inflammation-related cytokines through attenuating phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and blocking the NF-κB signaling pathways. Besides, displayed a potency in the enhancement of IPEC-J2 cell integrity.
PubMed: 32774852
DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00488-5 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2019Effects of turkey-derived beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus ingluviei UMNPBX19 and Lactobacillus salivarius UMNPBX2 on Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey poults was...
Effects of turkey-derived beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus ingluviei UMNPBX19 and Lactobacillus salivarius UMNPBX2 on Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey poults was investigated. Using in vitro studies, we determined each strain's resistance to pH 2.5 and 0.3% bile salts and their β-hemolysis activity. We also tested each strain's adherence to avian epithelial cells and exhibition of antimicrobial activity against major poultry-associated Salmonella. Moreover, using three in vivo experiments, we determined the effect of the strains in combination (LBIS) against SH in turkey poults. The treatment groups were negative control (-SH, -LBIS), SH control (+SH, -LBIS), and LBIS group (+SH, +LBIS). Supplementation of LBIS was done in drinking water throughout the study at a dose of 8 log CFU/gal. On day 7, poults were challenged with a 2011 ground turkey outbreak strain of SH at 5 × 10 CFU/mL, and the surviving pathogens were determined on day 7 postinoculation from the cecum, spleen, and liver. Both Lactobacillus strains exerted resistance to low pH and bile salts ( P < 0.05), showed adhesion to epithelial cells ( P < 0.05), but did not exhibit β-hemolysis. Cell-free culture supernatants of strains showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella ( P < 0.05). Results from the in vivo studies revealed that LBIS significantly reduced dissemination of SH to the liver and spleen in all experiments, and colonization in the cecum in two of the three experiments (1.9- and 3.9-log CFU/g reductions), compared with the control. The results indicate that turkey-derived L. ingluviei UMNPBX19 and L. salivarius UMNPBX2 have potential beneficial effects against SH in turkeys. However, more studies to this effect are warranted.
Topics: Animals; Antibiosis; Lactobacillus; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Salmonella; Turkeys
PubMed: 30794457
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-286 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Lactic acid bacteria are generally regarded as alternatives to antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming, especially strains, which are safe and have probiotic...
Lactic acid bacteria are generally regarded as alternatives to antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming, especially strains, which are safe and have probiotic potential. Although has long been proposed to be a probiotic, the understanding of the roles of this species is still in its infancy. Here, a strain of CGMCC20700 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of Yunnan black-bone chicken broilers was investigated in the context of its safety and probiotic characteristics by whole-genome sequencing in parallel with phenotypic analysis. Whole-genome sequencing results showed that CGMCC20700 has a single scaffold of 1,737,577 bp with an average guanine-to-cytosine (GC) ratio of 33.51% and 1,757 protein-coding genes. The annotation of Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) classified the predicted proteins from the assembled genome as possessing cellular, metabolic, and information-related functions. Sequences related to risk assessment, such as antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, were identified, and the strain was further confirmed as safe according to the results of antibiotic resistance, hemolytic, and acute oral toxicology tests. Two gene clusters of antibacterial compounds and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity were identified using genome mining tools and antibacterial spectrum tests. Stress resistance genes, active stressor removal genes, and adhesion related genes that were identified and examined with various phenotypic assays (such as stress tolerance tests in acids and bile salts and auto aggregation and hydrophobicity assays). The strain showed a high survival rate in the presence of bile salts and under acidic conditions and exhibited significant auto aggregation capacity and hydrophobicity. Overall, CGMCC20700 demonstrated excellent safety and probiotic potential at both the genomic and physiological levels and can be considered an appropriate candidate probiotic for livestock and poultry farming.
PubMed: 37007532
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1120263 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022is a gastrointestinal pathogen with a high infection rate. Probiotics are clinically used as an adjuvant to improve the cure rate and reduce the side effects of...
is a gastrointestinal pathogen with a high infection rate. Probiotics are clinically used as an adjuvant to improve the cure rate and reduce the side effects of antibiotic treatment for . This study is the first to explore the effects of a cell-free supernatant of high- or low-dose LN12 combined with amoxicillin (AMX) and clarithromycin (CLR) on 3192 biofilms in terms of the biofilm biomass, survival rates, biofilm structure, and transcriptome. The results showed that the combination of the CFS of high-dose LN12 with AMX and CLR had stronger effects on the biofilm biomass, survival rate, and structure of 3192 biofilms. 3192 biofilms may increase the expression of NADH-related genes and downregulate flagellar assembly and quorum sensing-related receptor genes to deal with the stronger stress effects of high-dose LN12 with AMX and CLR. In conclusion, the biofilm biomass, survival rate, structure, and transcriptome results showed that the combination of LN12 CFS with AMX and CLR had dose effects. We recommend that compared with low doses, high doses of LN12 combined with AMX and CLR may be more effective for biofilm than low doses.
PubMed: 35203863
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020262